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Confirmation Bias

Confirmation Bias is the human tendency to favor information that confirms existing beliefs — a problem that can creep into AI development at every stage. Engineers may unconsciously design experiments that confirm a hypothesis, choose features that reflect their assumptions, or interpret ambiguous results in ways that match expectations. Famous examples in AI include developers dismissing model errors that contradicted their priors, and AI ethics reviews that focus on familiar risks while missing novel ones. Confirmation bias also affects AI users — if a chatbot tells someone what they want to hear, they're more likely to trust it (the AI sycophancy problem). Mitigations include adversarial review processes, diverse teams, structured evaluation frameworks, and red-teaming exercises that specifically look for evidence against the prevailing view. AI governance, AI ethics, and AI risk management programs build review processes that counter confirmation bias — supporting AI compliance and responsible AI through deliberate disconfirming inquiry.

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