FP16
FP16 (Half-Precision Floating Point, also called IEEE float16) represents numbers using 16 bits — halving the memory and bandwidth requirements of standard 32-bit FP32 while still providing high accuracy for most AI workloads. FP16 became the standard inference precision for deep learning around 2018 with the rise of NVIDIA's Volta and subsequent Ampere and Hopper GPU architectures (V100, A100, H100), all of which include specialized Tensor Cores that execute FP16 operations at high speed. Most modern LLMs ship in FP16 or BF16 weights by default. FP16 occasionally produces numerical issues with very small or very large values (overflow and underflow), which led to the popularity of BF16 in many training scenarios. Tools like NVIDIA Apex, PyTorch native autocast, and TensorFlow mixed precision all support FP16. AI governance, AI compliance, and AI risk management programs document precision choices as part of responsible AI reproducibility evidence across enterprise AI deployments.
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